Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs commonly used to treat severe anxiety, sleep issues, agitation, and seizure disorders. Since their initial discovery nearly 100 years ago, popular brands such as lorazepam (Ativan®), diazepam (Valium®), clonazepam (Rivotril®), alprazolam (Xanax®), and oxazepam (Serax®) continue to be used on a regular basis in generic formulations.

When are benzodiazepines prescribed?

Benzodiazepines are widely prescribed due to their rapid onset of action and notable calming properties used to treat specific medical conditions. In general, benzodiazepines are considered effective medications for short-term use, usually for no more than two-to-four weeks. Most individuals will develop a tolerance to the drug if taken for a longer period.

What are the potential risks and side effects?

Benzodiazepines are prescribed by health care providers despite notable side effects and drug interactions that can lead to increased risk of dependence, addiction, and overdose when mixed with alcohol, narcotics, or other depressant-type drugs. Never start any new medications or over-the-counter products in combination with benzodiazepines without speaking to your health care provider first.

It is important to consider the physical effects of this drug, which can impact your safety:

• Drowsiness: you should not drive a car or operate any heavy machinery while taking this medication
• Muscle relaxation: something to be aware of, depending on your planned activities
• Dizziness or loss of coordination: Take your first dose in a safe place with someone around, to ensure you are steady on your feet and not a fall risk
• Slowed breathing: while it can help with anxiety, if you do not follow the recommended timing between doses, there is a risk that you may stop breathing

Other common side effects include loss of appetite, dry mouth, and nausea.

What happens when you stop taking benzodiazepines?

If you suddenly stop taking benzodiazepines, common concerns include worsening anxiety, sleep issues, confusion, heart palpitations, muscle pain/tremors, and/or difficulty regulating emotions. Due to the risk of ‘rebound effect,’ it is important to discuss safe ways of gradually stopping the medication with your health care provider, especially if used regularly for more than one month. Individuals are never advised to stop taking benzodiazepines abruptly.

What other treatments for anxiety are available?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered a safer option for long-term treatment of anxiety but work more slowly. If an individual is experiencing severe anxiety, a benzodiazepine may be prescribed for the short-term relief of symptoms, while the SSRI takes effect.

Other therapies such as paced deep breathing and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help with managing day-to-day symptoms, when used in combination with SSRIs. With your ASEBP plan, you have coverage for therapeutic services such as massage, acupuncture, and psychology to help manage symptoms of anxiety and support your mental well-being. A free, online CBT program is also available to members with ASEBP’s Employee and Family Assistance Program (EFAP). Check your ASEBP ID card or My ASEBP account to confirm your eligibility.

The information provided in this article is for personal use, reference, and education only. ASEBP does not provide medical advice. Before starting any medication or product, you should always consult with your pharmacist, health care provider, or call Alberta Health Link at 811.